بخش اول: واژگان کلیدی (Vocabulary)
| کلمه | معنی | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| lifestyle | سبک زندگی | A healthy lifestyle helps you live longer. |
| diet | رژیم غذایی | She has a balanced diet. |
| exercise | ورزش/تمرین | Daily exercise is good for health. |
| physical | جسمانی | Swimming is a physical activity. |
| emotional | عاطفی/احساسی | Her problem was more emotional than physical. |
| calm | آرام | My teacher has a very calm manner. |
| balanced | متعادل | A balanced diet contains fruits and vegetables. |
| recent | اخیر | The price has increased in recent weeks. |
| prevent | پیشگیری کردن | Exercise can prevent diseases. |
| relationship | رابطه | She has a good relationship with her aunt. |
| harmful | مضر | Smoking is harmful to health. |
| addiction | اعتیاد | Addiction to technology is a big problem. |
| blood pressure | فشار خون | My uncle has high blood pressure. |
| heartbeat | ضربان قلب | The doctor is listening to his heartbeat. |
| heart attack | حمله قلبی | Eating junk food increases the risk of heart attack. |
| serving | وعده/پرس | One serving of rice is not enough. |
| habit | عادت | Arash has a bad eating habit. |
| junk food | غذای ناسالم | Eating junk food makes people gain weight. |
| gain weight | وزن اضافه کردن | I've gained five kilos in three months. |
| depressed | افسرده | Working with computers makes people depressed. |
| rarely | به ندرت | Sina rarely goes out. |
| couch potato | آدم تنبل/بیتحرک | Stop being a couch potato! |
| surf the net | اینترنت گشتن | Reza is surfing the net. |
| hang out | وقت گذراندن | Mahdi hangs out with friends on Fridays. |
| improve | بهبود یافتن | Our health improves when we visit family. |
| decrease | کاهش دادن | A good social life decreases the risk of death. |
| increase | افزایش دادن | Sitting a lot increases health risks. |
| risk | خطر/ریسک | Junk food increases the risk of heart attack. |
| pray | نماز خواندن/دعا کردن | Praying decreases stress. |
| stress | استرس | Prayer gives people a calm life. |
| disorder | اختلال | Sleep disorders are common today. |
| cure | درمان کردن | New medicines have cured many patients. |
| invent | اختراع کردن | Scientists have invented new medicines. |
نکات واژگانی مهم (کنکوری)
physical vs emotional:
physical= جسمانی (مربوط به جسم)emotional= عاطفی (مربوط به احساسات)- Her doctor said the problem was more emotional than physical.
prevent vs protect:
prevent= جلوگیری کردن از وقوع چیزی: Exercise prevents diseases.protect= محافظت کردن: Sunscreen protects your skin.
increase vs decrease:
increase= افزایش دادن/یافتنdecrease= کاهش دادن/یافتن- ⚠️ هر دو هم فعلاند هم اسم
harmful vs dangerous:
harmful= مضر (آسیب میرساند)dangerous= خطرناک (احتمال آسیب دارد)- Smoking is harmful. / Driving fast is dangerous.
rarely = seldom (مترادفهای کنکوری):
- He rarely goes out. = He seldom goes out.
couch potato = اصطلاح محاورهای برای کسی که همیشه روی مبل ولو است و ورزش نمیکند
بخش دوم: هرم غذایی (Food Pyramid)
از بالا به پایین (از کمتر به بیشتر مصرف):
| سطح | مواد غذایی |
|---|---|
| ۱ (کمترین) | oil, candy |
| ۲ | milk, cheese, ice-cream |
| ۳ | tomato, carrot, onion |
| ۴ | egg, meat, fish, chicken |
| ۵ | rice, bread, spaghetti |
| ۶ (بیشترین) | apple, orange, banana, quince |
نکته کنکوری: پایه هرم = بیشترین مصرف = میوه و سبزی و غلات
بخش سوم: مکالمه — Behzad & Sina
شخصیتها و موقعیت
- Sina: پسری که خانهنشین شده، کامپیوتر بازی میکند، اضافه وزن پیدا کرده
- Behzad: دوست قدیمیاش که او را به کوهنوردی دعوت میکند
عبارات مهم مکالمه
| عبارت | معنی | نکته |
|---|---|---|
| How is it going? | حالت چطوره؟ | محاورهای |
| I haven't seen you since Norooz | از نوروز ندیدمت | present perfect + since |
| I haven't been there for a long time | مدتیه اونجا نبودم | present perfect + for |
| Come on! | بیا دیگه! / ول کن! | تشویق یا اعتراض |
| Stop being a couch potato! | دست از این تنبلی بردار! | اصطلاح |
| I've gained five kilos | پنج کیلو چاق شدم | present perfect |
| You won! | قبول کردم! / باهات موافقم! | اصطلاح تسلیم شدن |
| I prefer to stay home | ترجیح میدم خونه بمونم | prefer + to infinitive |
✅ Present Perfect در مکالمه (برای تمرین D)
- I haven't seen you since Norooz.
- I haven't been there for a long time.
- I've bought* lots of things to eat.*
- I guess you haven't exercised for a long time.
- I've gained* five kilos in three months.*
- I've read* about this somewhere.*
بخش چهارم: متن اصلی — Having a Healthier and Longer Life
ساختار پاراگرافها
| پاراگراف | موضوع اصلی |
|---|---|
| ۱ | مقدمه: نیاز به برنامهریزی |
| ۲ | بررسی سلامت عمومی (فشار خون، ضربان قلب، تاریخچه خانوادگی) |
| ۳ | سلامت جسمانی: غذا و ورزش |
| ۴ | روابط اجتماعی سالم |
| ۵ | عادات بد و اعتیاد |
| ۶ | سلامت عاطفی (نماز، آرامش) |
| ۷ | نتیجهگیری: نیاز به برنامه |
نکات مهم متن (کنکوری)
پاراگراف ۳:
- Eating junk food makes people gain weight →
make + object + base verb - Eating healthy food helps people live longer →
help + object + base verb
پاراگراف ۴:
- Recent research has shown that a good social life decreases the risk of death.
- ⚠️ research = اسم غیرقابل شمارش ← فعل مفرد میگیرد
پاراگراف ۵:
- One day of smoking can take around 5 hours away from the smoker's life.
- ⚠️ این عدد کنکوری است: ۵ ساعت از عمر برای هر روز سیگار
پاراگراف ۶:
- Praying decreases stress and gives people a calm and balanced life.
- ⚠️ مهمترین عامل = emotional health (سلامت عاطفی)
جواب سوالات Scan
| سوال | جواب |
|---|---|
| What increases the risk of heart attack? | Eating junk food |
| How can we check our general health? | Measuring blood pressure and heartbeat + checking family health history |
| What is the most important factor? | Having emotional health (praying) |
جواب سوالات Paragraph Number
| جمله | پاراگراف |
|---|---|
| Having a healthy relationship with others... | ۴ |
| Addiction is a harmful habit. | ۵ |
| Paying attention to our food... | ۳ |
Main Idea (B): → (b) Having a healthy and long life needs a careful plan.
بخش پنجم: مهارت خواندن — Skimming
مقایسه Skimming و Scanning
| روش | هدف | چه میخوانیم؟ |
|---|---|---|
| Skimming | ایده کلی و main idea | عنوان + اول و آخر پاراگراف |
| Scanning | اطلاعات خاص (عدد/اسم) | دنبال کلمه هدف میگردیم |
| Detailed reading | فهم کامل | همه چیز |
مراحل Skimming (از کتاب)
- عنوان را بخوان
- به عکسها نگاه کن
- اول و آخر هر پاراگراف را بخوان
- سریع بخوان — جزئیات مهم نیستند
- ایده اصلی را بنویس
نکته کنکوری
Topic vs Main Idea:
- Topic = موضوع کلی ← جواب "What is the passage about?"
- Main Idea = مهمترین چیزی که نویسنده میگوید ← جواب "What does the writer say about the topic?"
مثال:
- Topic: healthy lifestyle
- Main Idea: Having a healthy and long life needs a careful plan.
بخش ششم: پیشوند و پسوند — Prefixes & Suffixes
جدول کامل پیشوندها (Prefixes)
| پیشوند | معنی | مثال | معنی مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
| re- | دوباره | rewrite, rethink, reread | دوباره نوشتن، دوباره فکر کردن |
| un- | نه/ضد | unhappy, unsafe, unknown | ناشاد، ناامن، ناشناخته |
| im- | نه | impossible, impolite, immature | غیرممکن، بیادب، نابالغ |
| in- | نه | incorrect, incomplete, inactive | نادرست، ناقص، غیرفعال |
| dis- | ضد | disagree, dislike, disorder | مخالف بودن، دوست نداشتن، اختلال |
| mid- | میانه | midday, midnight, midterm | ظهر، نیمهشب، میانترم |
⚠️ نکات کنکوری پیشوندها
im- vs in-:
- قبل از m, p, b از
im-استفاده میشود: impossible, immature, imbalanced - بقیه حروف با
in-: incorrect, inactive
تشخیص پیشوند در تمرین A:
- disagree ✓ / midterm ✓ / uncle ✗ (uncle = عمو، پیشوند نیست!)
- unsafe ✓ / reread ✓ / image ✗ (image = تصویر، پیشوند نیست!)
- reality ✗ (reality پیشوند ندارد) / incomplete ✓ / disorder ✓
- unfortunately ✓
⚠️ uncle و image و reality پیشوند ندارند — این نکته کنکوری مهمی است!
جدول کامل پسوندها (Suffixes)
| پسوند | کارکرد | مثال | نکته |
|---|---|---|---|
| -er / -or | اسمساز (فاعلی) | writer, scanner, translator | کسی که کار میکند |
| -ness | اسمساز | happiness, darkness, illness | حالت یا کیفیت |
| -ion/-tion/-sion | اسمساز | creation, invitation, decision | عمل یا نتیجه |
| -ful | صفتساز | useful, powerful, careful | دارای ... |
| -ous | صفتساز | dangerous, famous, nervous | دارای ... |
| -y | صفتساز | rainy, healthy, windy | دارای ... |
| -al | صفتساز | natural, cultural, physical | مربوط به ... |
| -ly | قیدساز | slowly, carefully, recently | به شکل ... |
تمرین D — اسم به صفت (از متن)
| اسم | صفت | پاراگراف |
|---|---|---|
| care | careful | ۱ |
| health | healthy | ۴ |
| danger | dangerous | ۵ |
| emotion | emotional | ۶ |
نکات کنکوری پسوندها
تغییرات املایی هنگام افزودن پسوند:
| قانون | مثال |
|---|---|
| حذف e آخر قبل از -ion | create → creation |
| y → i قبل از -ness | happy → happiness |
| حذف e قبل از -ous | fame → famous |
| حذف e قبل از -al | nature → natural |
پسوندهای اسمساز مهم برای کنکور:
| فعل | اسم |
|---|---|
| create | creation |
| translate | translation |
| educate | education |
| communicate | communication |
| invite | invitation |
| decide | decision |
| prevent | prevention |
| improve | improvement |
بخش هفتم: گرامر اصلی — Present Perfect Tense
ساختار
| ضمیر | کمکفعل |
|---|---|
| I / You / We / They / جمع | have |
| He / She / It / مفرد سوم شخص | has |
جدول کامل ساختار
| نوع | ساختار | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| مثبت | S + have/has + V3 | Amir has written a letter. |
| منفی | S + have/has + not + V3 | They haven't finished their homework. |
| سوالی | Have/Has + S + V3 + ? | Have you been to Paris? |
کاربردهای Present Perfect
۱) تجربهها (Experience)
عملی که در زندگی انجام دادهایم — زمان دقیق مهم نیست
- I have visited Mashhad. (در زندگیام رفتم — ولی کی مهم نیست)
- Have you ever climbed a mountain?
🔑 کلمات نشانه: ever, never, once, twice, before
۲) از گذشته تا حال (Continuity)
عملی که در گذشته شروع شده و هنوز ادامه دارد
- I've known* them since 2008.* (از ۲۰۰۸ تا الان میشناسم)
- We've lived* here for 20 years.* (۲۰ سال است اینجا زندگی میکنیم)
🔑 کلمات نشانه: since, for
۳) نتیجه در زمان حال (Result)
عملی در گذشته که نتیجهاش الان مهم است
- He has broken his leg. (پایش شکسته — الان نمیتواند راه برود)
- I've lost* my keys.* (کلیدم گم شده — الان در مشکلم)
۴) اخبار تازه (Recent News)
- Scientists have discovered a new planet.
- The price of oil has increased.
🔑 کلمات نشانه: just, recently, lately
۵) هنوز انجام نشده (Yet)
- He hasn't got a job yet. (هنوز کار پیدا نکرده)
- Have you finished yet?
🔑 کلمه نشانه: yet (در منفی و سوالی)
مقایسه Present Perfect با Simple Past ⚠️ (مهمترین نکته کنکوری)
| Present Perfect | Simple Past | |
|---|---|---|
| زمان | نامشخص یا تا الان | مشخص و تموم شده |
| سوال از زمان | ❌ When? نمیپرسیم | ✓ When? میپرسیم |
| نشانهها | ever, never, just, since, for, yet, recently, already | yesterday, last year, ago, in 1990, then |
مثال تطبیقی:
| ❌ اشتباه | ✓ درست | توضیح |
|---|---|---|
| I have gone there yesterday. | I went there yesterday. | yesterday = زمان مشخص ← simple past |
| Did you ever eat sushi? | Have you ever eaten sushi? | ever + تجربه ← present perfect |
| He has called me last night. | He called me last night. | last night = زمان مشخص |
since vs for
| since | for | |
|---|---|---|
| معنی | از زمانی خاص تا الان | به مدت |
| بعدش چی میآید؟ | نقطهی زمانی | مدت زمان |
| مثال | since 2010 / since Monday / since Norooz | for 3 years / for a long time / for months |
مثالها:
- I haven't seen you since Norooz. (از نوروز)
- I haven't been there for a long time. (مدت طولانی)
- We've lived* here since 2005 / for 20 years.*
⚠️ since + نقطه زمانی = present perfect لازم دارد (نه simple past!)
ever vs never
| ever | never | |
|---|---|---|
| کاربرد | سوال درباره تجربه | منفی تجربه |
| ساختار | Have you ever + V3? | I have never + V3 |
| مثال | Have you ever traveled abroad? | I have never eaten sushi. |
⚠️ never خودش منفی است — با not نمیآید:
- ✗ I haven't never... ← غلط
- ✓ I have never... ← درست
yet vs already vs just
| کلمه | معنی | کجا در جمله؟ | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
| yet | هنوز (انتظار انجام) | آخر جمله | I haven't done it yet. |
| already | قبلاً / از قبل | قبل از V3 | I've already done it. |
| just | همین الان | قبل از V3 | She's just left. |
حل تمرین E (انتخاب زمان درست)
| جمله | انتخاب درست | دلیل |
|---|---|---|
| I (have-have had) a very interesting life | have had | تا الان = present perfect |
| I (wanted-have wanted) to become a firefighter | wanted | when I was a kid = گذشته مشخص |
| I (joined-join) the Fire Service | joined | After university = گذشته مشخص |
| I (have worked-work) there for 30 years | have worked | for 30 years = از گذشته تا الان |
| I (have been-was) in many missions for the past 25 years | have been | for the past 25 years → present perfect |
| how many lives I (have saved-save) | have saved | نتیجه تا الان |
| I (have enjoyed-enjoy) every minute | have enjoyed | نتیجه تا الان |
بخش هشتم: Phrasal Verbs (افعال عبارتی)
افعال عبارتی درس ۲
| Phrasal Verb | معنی | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| call back | زنگ زدن (برگشتن) | No, I'll call back later. |
| check in | ثبت ورود (هتل/پرواز) | Have you checked in? |
| get up | بلند شدن از خواب | When did you get up? |
| give up | ترک کردن/رها کردن | Has your father given up smoking? |
| grow up | بزرگ شدن | She grew up in Lavasan. |
| hurry up | عجله کردن | Hurry up! We're late. |
| look after | مراقبت کردن | Sara looked after us very well. |
| turn off | خاموش کردن | Turn off the washing machine. |
| wake up | بیدار شدن | James usually wakes up early. |
نکات کنکوری Phrasal Verbs
give up = quit = stop + gerund (سه مترادف مهم):
- He gave up smoking. = He quit smoking. = He stopped smoking.
look after = take care of (مراقبت کردن):
- She looked after the baby. = She took care of the baby.
get up ≠ wake up:
wake up= چشم باز کردن (از خواب بیدار شدن)get up= از رختخواب بلند شدن- He woke up at 6 but got up at 7.
⚠️ بعد از Phrasal Verbs که separable هستند، ضمیر بین دو جزء میآید:
- ✓ Turn it off. / ✓ Turn off the TV.
- ✗ Turn off it.
بخش نهم: گرامر مهم — Gerunds (اسم مصدر)
تعریف
Gerund = فعل + ing که نقش اسم دارد
نقشهای Gerund در جمله
۱) فاعل جمله (Subject)
Swimming is useful for everyone.
Reading helps us learn English.
Working with computers makes people sick.
⚠️ یک gerund = فعل مفرد:
- Swimming is good. ✓ (نه are)
⚠️ دو gerund = فعل جمع:
- Cycling and jogging are my favorite sports. ✓
۲) مفعول جمله (Object)
I enjoy swimming.
Maryam loves reading.
He gave up smoking.
۳) بعد از حرف اضافه (Preposition + Gerund)
She is good at speaking German.
I am interested in playing tennis.
What do you think about living in a village?
I am tired of washing the dishes.
افعالی که بعدشان Gerund میآید ⚠️ (کنکوری)
| فعل | مثال |
|---|---|
| enjoy | I enjoy swimming. |
| finish | She finished writing the letter. |
| give up / quit | He gave up smoking. |
| imagine | I can't imagine living there. |
| keep on | Keep on trying! |
| practice | She practices speaking every day. |
| love | I love reading. |
| mind | Do you mind opening the window? |
| avoid | Avoid eating junk food. |
| suggest | He suggested going to the park. |
go + Gerund (فعالیتهای تفریحی)
| عبارت | معنی |
|---|---|
| go fishing | ماهیگیری رفتن |
| go skating | اسکیت رفتن |
| go sailing | قایقرانی رفتن |
| go skiing | اسکی رفتن |
| go jogging | دویدن آهسته |
| go running | دویدن |
| go swimming | شنا رفتن |
| go shopping | خرید رفتن |
| go biking | دوچرخهسواری رفتن |
| go hiking | کوهپیمایی رفتن |
| go camping | کمپ رفتن |
Gerund vs Present Progressive ⚠️ (مهمترین نکته کنکوری)
| Gerund | Present Progressive | |
|---|---|---|
| نقش | اسم | فعل در حال وقوع |
| سوال | اسم است ← فاعل یا مفعول | چه اتفاقی الان میافتد؟ |
| مثال | Her hobby is writing poems. | She is writing an email now. |
تمرین D جواب:
| جمله | نوع |
|---|---|
| They were watching a football match when I called. | Present Progressive (در حال انجام بود) |
| Saeed is cycling in the park right now. | Present Progressive (الان) |
| Farzaneh enjoys watching scientific movies. | Gerund ✓ (بعد از enjoys) |
| My favorite sport is hiking. | Gerund ✓ (اسم = مفعول is) |
حروف اضافه + Gerund (Preposition + Gerund)
| عبارت | مثال |
|---|---|
| good at + gerund | She is good at speaking. |
| interested in + gerund | He is interested in learning. |
| think about + gerund | I think about going to the gym. |
| plans for + gerund | She has plans for studying abroad. |
| tired of + gerund | I am tired of waiting. |
| good at + gerund | He is good at cooking. |
| instead of + gerund | She walked instead of driving. |
| before/after + gerund | Before going out, wash your hands. |
Gerund در مکالمه:
- I am home most of the time. I do different things like surfing the net and playing computer games.
- How about your free time? Going out, jogging, playing football,...?
- I prefer to stay home and watch my movies.
- "like" اینجا با حرف اضافه = بعدش gerund
- "going out" بعد از "How about" (about + gerund)
⚠️ "How about + gerund?" = پیشنهاد دادن:
- How about going to Darband?
- How about playing football?
NO + Gerund در تابلوها
| تابلو | معنی |
|---|---|
| NO PARKING | پارک کردن ممنوع |
| NO FISHING | ماهیگیری ممنوع |
| NO SMOKING | سیگار کشیدن ممنوع |
| NO SWIMMING | شنا کردن ممنوع |
| NO PHOTOGRAPHY | عکاسی ممنوع |
بخش دهم: Speaking Strategy — صحبت درباره تجربهها
الگوهای پرسش و پاسخ
پرسش از تجربه:
- Have you ever + V3?
- Have you ever traveled abroad?
- Have you ever eaten sushi?
پاسخ مثبت:
- Yes, I have. I + went there last year. (توجه: زمان مشخص ← simple past)
- Yes, I visited it once / twice.
پاسخ منفی:
- No, I haven't. Maybe I'll try it later.
- No, I have never + V3.
⚠️ نکته طلایی: بعد از "Yes, I have" اگر زمان مشخص بگوییم، باید به Simple Past تغییر دهیم:
- Have you ever been to Paris?
- Yes, I have. I went there last summer. ✓ (نه "I have gone")
بخش یازدهم: متن Listening/Reading — Technology & Health
متن اول (اثر منفی تکنولوژی)
Present Perfect های موجود در متن:
- Technology has influenced the lives of people.
- Working with computers has changed people's habits.
- Some of them have not read a book for months.
- Some have not visited their relatives for a long time.
- Some have not slept well or have not eaten properly.
- Some have quitted good habits.
- They have chosen an unhealthy lifestyle.
Gerund های موجود در متن:
- Working with computers...
- doing daily exercises
- attending social events
- using technology
متن دوم (اثر مثبت تکنولوژی)
Present Perfect های موجود:
- Technology has helped the researchers.
- New medicines have saved the lives of many people.
- They have let people have a happy life.
- They have found keys to the secrets.
- New technologies have helped doctors.
- They have found ways to fight diseases.
متن Listening — شهرنشینی و سبک زندگی
Present Perfect های متن:
- People's busy lifestyle has created many problems.
- Rushing to and from school has made it hard...
- Watching TV and working with technology have also risked people's health.
- They have increased the risk of heart diseases.
Gerund های متن:
- Rushing to and from school
- Watching TV
- working with technology
- eating unhealthy snacks
بخش دوازدهم: Adverbs of Frequency (قیدهای تکرار) — مرور
| قید | درصد تقریبی | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| always | ۱۰۰% | I always brush my teeth. |
| usually | ۷۵-۸۰% | She usually walks to school. |
| often | ۵۰-۶۰% | He often plays football. |
| sometimes | ۲۵-۳۰% | I sometimes eat fast food. |
| rarely / seldom | ۱۰% | Sina rarely goes out. |
| never | ۰% | I never smoke. |
جایگاه قیدهای تکرار در جمله
- She usually walks to school. ✓
- She is usually at home. ✓ (بعد از be)
- ✗ Usually she walks ← در محاوره قابل قبول ولی در کنکور استاندارد نیست
بخش سیزدهم: نکات فراتر از کتاب
۱) Infinitive vs Gerund بعد از فعلها
| فعل + Gerund | فعل + Infinitive | فعل + هر دو |
|---|---|---|
| enjoy, finish, quit, give up, avoid, mind, keep on, practice | want, need, decide, plan, hope, wish, agree, refuse | like, love, hate, start, begin, continue |
مثال:
- I enjoy swimming. (gerund ✓)
- I want to swim. (infinitive ✓)
- I like swimming / to swim. (هر دو ✓)
⚠️ prefer:
- I prefer reading to watching TV. (gerund)
- I prefer to read rather than watch TV. (infinitive)
۲) گروهبندی اصطلاحات پزشکی
| اصطلاح | معنی |
|---|---|
| blood pressure | فشار خون |
| high blood pressure | فشار خون بالا |
| heart attack | حمله قلبی |
| heart disease | بیماری قلبی |
| sleep disorder | اختلال خواب |
| eating disorder | اختلال خوردن |
| junk food | غذای ناسالم |
| fast food | فستفود |
| balanced diet | رژیم متعادل |
| mental health | سلامت روان |
| physical health | سلامت جسمانی |
| emotional health | سلامت عاطفی |
۳) Compound Nouns مهم
| Compound | معنی |
|---|---|
| heartbeat | ضربان قلب |
| blood pressure | فشار خون |
| junk food | غذای ناسالم |
| fast food | فستفود |
| lifestyle | سبک زندگی |
| couch potato | آدم بیتحرک |
| homework | تکلیف |
| midday | ظهر |
| midnight | نیمهشب |
۴) قواعد ساخت Past Participle (V3) نامنظم
| V1 | V2 | V3 | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|---|
| write | wrote | written | نوشتن |
| see | saw | seen | دیدن |
| eat | ate | eaten | خوردن |
| go | went | gone/been | رفتن |
| be | was/were | been | بودن |
| have | had | had | داشتن |
| buy | bought | bought | خریدن |
| read | read | read | خواندن (تلفظ: red) |
| give | gave | given | دادن |
| find | found | found | پیدا کردن |
| make | made | made | ساختن/کردن |
| take | took | taken | گرفتن |
| come | came | come | آمدن |
| choose | chose | chosen | انتخاب کردن |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | فراموش کردن |
| begin | began | begun | شروع کردن |
| know | knew | known | دانستن |
| sleep | slept | slept | خوابیدن |
| quit | quit | quit | ترک کردن |
جمعبندی نهایی ✅
۱. واژگان کلیدی
- harmful ≠ dangerous (مضر vs خطرناک)
- rarely = seldom (به ندرت)
- decrease ↔ increase (کاهش ↔ افزایش)
۲. Present Perfect
| نشانه | زمان |
|---|---|
| since | نقطه زمانی |
| for | مدت زمان |
| ever/never | تجربه |
| yet | هنوز (منفی/سوالی) |
| already | قبلاً (مثبت) |
| just | همین الان |
PP ≠ Simple Past: اگر زمان مشخص بود ← Simple Past
۳. Gerund
| کاربرد | مثال |
|---|---|
| فاعل | Swimming is healthy. |
| مفعول | I enjoy swimming. |
| بعد از حرف اضافه | good at swimming |
| بعد از go | go swimming |
| تابلوها | NO SMOKING |
Gerund ≠ Present Progressive:
- Gerund = اسم (فاعل یا مفعول است)
- Progressive = فعل در حال وقوع (has/is/are + -ing)
۴. Prefixes & Suffixes
| پیشوند | معنی | پسوند | کارکرد |
|---|---|---|---|
| re- | دوباره | -er/-or | اسم فاعل |
| un-, im-, in-, dis- | نه/ضد | -ness, -ion | اسم |
| mid- | میانه | -ful, -ous, -y, -al | صفت |
| -ly | قید |
۵. Phrasal Verbs مهم
| عبارت | معنی |
|---|---|
| give up = quit | ترک کردن |
| look after = take care of | مراقبت کردن |
| wake up / get up | بیدار شدن / بلند شدن |
| turn off / turn on | خاموش / روشن کردن |
| grow up | بزرگ شدن |
۶. آمار مهم متن
| عدد | موضوع |
|---|---|
| ۵ ساعت | از دست دادن عمر به ازای هر روز سیگار |
۷. Main Idea متن
Having a healthy and long life needs a careful plan.
"Above all, the most important thing to enjoy a good life is having emotional health."
مهمترین چیز برای داشتن زندگی خوب، سلامت عاطفی است.